The Permian Magnesian Limestone: At the bottom of the cliff lies the Permian Magnesian Limestone is a creamy buff-coloured rock dating back approximately 250 million years. It plays a crucial role in understanding the ice’s movement during the last Ice Age.
Different tills: Different tills can reflect changing ice flow direction. The first till is yellow and full of limestone. It bears witness to the initial ice flow from the north-west to the south-east. However, as we move up the sequence, we encounter a darker, browner upper till, revealing a change in ice flow direction from north to south.
The upper till is made of finer silt and clay, and incorporates glacial erratics which infer travel from further north. Among these are granites, dolerites and Carboniferous limestones and sandstones. These are very distinct from the local bedrock incorporated into the first till. Some of the erratics come from the Cheviots and central and northern Scotland